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Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve (Russia)
The Kronotsky State
Biosphere Reserve forms part of the World Heritage site 'Volcanoes of
Kamchatka' (total size about 4.3 mil. ha) and lies in one of the most
remote parts of the Russian Far East on Kamchatka Peninsula, which
divides the Sea of Okhotsk from the Pacific Ocean. The size of
Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve is about 1 million hectare and it is
located on the mountainous shores of the Pacific Ocean.
The 'Volcanoes of Kamchatka' represent some of the most
pristine parts of the Kamchatka Peninsula and comprise a remarkable
collection of volcanic areas. More than 300 volcanoes are found in
Kamchatka, 29 being currently active (19 of these are included in the
World Heritage site), including caldera, strato-volcano, somma-volcano
and mixed types. In addition there is a multitude of thermal and
mineral springs, geysers and other phenomena of active volcanism.
Kronotsky and
Kurilskoe are two of the major lakes in the area, both highly scenic
and important fish spawning habitats. Other geomorphologic phenomena
can be observed, including volcanic accumulation and erosion,
inter-mountain hollows, foothills and piedmont plains as well as
coastal lowlands. The Valley of the Geysers is an outstanding natural
phenomena with numerous hot geysers and springs.
The highest peak of the site is the Ichinsky Volcano in Bystrinsky
Nature Park. The Kronotsky Volcano in Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve
reaches a height of 3,525m.
One of the
challenges in the National Parks and Reserves of Kamchatka is effective
fire protection. Stable on-line connection is vital in order to prevent
fires (e.g. to reach regional on-line weather forecast which is updated
every two hours) but also to communicate and respond in time to fire
warnings and emerging threats.
The newly installed email network, financed by the German World
Heritage Foundation, does allow to deal with fire issues in a much more
efficient way but also proves helpful in other fields linked with the
management of the Reserve (e.g. monitoring and research, fauna/flora
protection etc.).